From Earth Unreal,
Edited by Vinuri Randula Silva,
The Araripe
manakin (Antilophia bokermanni) is a species of critically endangered bird from the family of manakins (Pipridae). It was discovered in
1996 and scientifically described in 1998. The species epithet commemorates
Brazilian zoologist and wildlife filmmaker Werner
Bokermann
As typical of most
manakins, males and females have a strong sexual
dimorphism in the
colours of the plumage. As in the helmeted manakin, it is a
relatively large and long-tailed manakin, with a total length of c. 14.5
centimetres (5.7 in). The strikingly patterned males have predominantly
white plumage. With the exception of the white little wings coverts, the wings
are black as the tail. From the frontal tuft, over the crown, down to the
middle back runs a carmine red patch. The iris is red. The females are mainly olive
green and have pale green upperparts. They have a reduced olive green frontal
tuft.
This species
is endemic to the Chapada do Araripe (Araripe uplands) in the Brazilian
state of Ceará in the north eastern region of the country. It is only fifty
kilometres long and one kilometre wide and the typical habitat apparently is a
consequence of the soils formed from the Santana
Formation limestone. The pure breeding range has a size of only
1 km2 (0.39 sq mi) and lies in a theme park. It
is likely to be more widespread than presently known, although surveys in
nearby Balneario das Caldas failed to locate any individuals.
This species
consumes both plant and animal materials as part of their diet. Approximately
80% of their diet comes from the plant Clidemia biserrata.
Araripe Manakins consume fruit and arthropods, although fruits are the primary item in their
diet. Females have a more diverse diet than males, because the more cryptic
olive-green plumage of females provides them with a greater degree of
camouflage in forests, allowing them to find food with less predation, meanwhile, males are a very bright white
color, which makes them more vulnerable to predation. Females also have a
longer bill, which allows them to manipulate more types of fruit than males are
able to handle and digest.
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